Grammatika · C1
Participle clauses (Having finished…, Built in 1900…)
Ishni tugatib, uyga ketdim; 1900-yilda qurilgan bino — sifatdosh va ravishdosh iboralar.
Qoida: Participle clauses
Participle clause — bu 'because/when/after/which' bilan boshlanadigan ergash gapni qisqartirish usuli. O'zbek tilida ham shunday qilamiz: 'Ishni tugatib, uyga ketdim', '1900-yilda qurilgan bino'. Ingliz tilida -ing, V3 va having + V3 shakllari ishlatiladi; bu yozuvni ixcham va rasmiy qiladi.
V-ing (faol, bir vaqtda): Walking home, I met Ali. · V3 (majhul): Built in 1900, the house... · Having + V3 (avval tugagan): Having finished, she left.
| To'liq gap | Participle clause | Shakl |
|---|---|---|
| Because I felt tired, I went to bed. | Feeling tired, I went to bed. | V-ing |
| The bridge, which was built in 1900, ... | Built in 1900, the bridge ... | V3 (passive) |
| After she had finished, she left. | Having finished, she left. | having + V3 |
| People who live here pay less. | People living here pay less. | V-ing (relative) |
Maslahat: Tekshirish usuli: participle clause'ni to'liq gapga aylantirib ko'ring. 'Built in 1600' → 'The mosque was built in 1600' — mantiqiy bo'lsa, to'g'ri.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- Having lived in London for years, he knows the city well.Londonda yillar davomida yashab, u shaharni yaxshi biladi.
- Written in 1925, the novel is still popular today.1925-yilda yozilgan bu roman bugun ham mashhur.
- Not knowing what to say, I stayed silent.Nima deyishni bilmay, jim turdim.
- Students wishing to apply should fill in the form.Ariza topshirmoqchi bo'lgan talabalar shaklni to'ldirishi kerak.
- Having been warned, the residents left their homes.Ogohlantirilgach, aholi uylarini tark etdi.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
Walking to school, the rain started.Walking to school, I got caught in the rain.
Participle clause egasi asosiy gap egasi bilan bir xil bo'lishi shart (yomg'ir yurmaydi!).
Finished the work, she went home.Having finished the work, she went home.
Faol ma'noda avval tugagan ish — 'Having + V3'.
Building in 1600, the mosque is very old.Built in 1600, the mosque is very old.
Masjid o'zi qurmagan — majhul ma'no, V3 kerak.
Don't knowing the answer, he guessed.Not knowing the answer, he guessed.
Inkor shakli participle oldiga 'not' qo'yish bilan yasaladi.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: SMASH English - Cambridge English Exam Preparation; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: PARTICIPLE CLAUSES - All you need to know! - English Grammar for B2 First/C1 AdvancedMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| ancient | qadimiy | Built in the 9th century, the ancient tower still stands. |
| found | asos solmoq | Founded in 1920, the university has a long history. |
| realise | tushunib yetmoq | Realising his mistake, he apologised. |
| apply | ariza bermoq | Students applying for the grant must be under 25. |
| surround | o'rab olmoq | Surrounded by mountains, the village is very quiet. |
| complete | yakunlamoq | Having completed the course, she found a job. |
| exhausted | holdan toygan | Feeling exhausted, he fell asleep on the sofa. |
| resident | aholi, yashovchi | Residents living near the airport complain about noise. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Shahringizdagi tarixiy bino haqida: 'Built in..., the ... is...' kabi participle clause bilan 2 gap yozing.
Namuna: Built in the 15th century, the Ulugh Beg Madrasah is one of the oldest buildings in Samarkand. Decorated with blue tiles, it attracts thousands of tourists.
Gapiring: Bugungi kuningiz haqida 'Having finished..., I...' va '-ing' iboralari bilan 2 gap ayting.
Namuna: Having finished my classes, I went to the gym. Feeling tired afterwards, I decided to stay home.
Yozing: Sayohat yoki muhim kun haqida 3 gap yozing: har birida participle clause (V-ing, V3 yoki Having + V3) bo'lsin.
Namuna: Having packed our bags, we left for the airport at dawn. Arriving in Istanbul, we were amazed by the crowds. Exhausted by the long day, we fell asleep immediately.
Gapiring: IELTS Speaking Part 2: o'zingiz yashaydigan joyni tasvirlang — kamida 2 ta participle clause bilan 4 gap.
Namuna: I live in Chilanzar, a district located in the south-west of Tashkent. Built mainly in the 1970s, it has many large apartment blocks. Walking around, you can see busy markets and small parks. Having lived there all my life, I know almost every street.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz shahringiz, tarixiy joylar va kuningiz haqida so'raydi — javoblarda 'Having...', 'Built in...', '-ing' iboralarini ishlating.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.