Bepul darslar · 58 ta mavzu
Ingliz tili grammatikasi o'zbek tilida
Noldan IELTS darajasigacha: har bir qoida o'zbekcha tushuntirilgan, misollar tarjimasi bilan, oxirida bepul mashq.
Bo'lim haqida
Bu yerda ingliz tili grammatikasining 58 ta asosiy mavzusi A1 dan C1 gacha o'zbek tilida tushuntirilgan. Har bir mavzuda: qisqa qoida va jadval, o'zbekcha tarjimali misollar, o'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar, video dars va 5 ta bepul mashq.
Darajangizni bilmasangiz, bepul daraja testidan boshlang. Qoidani o'qigach, uni Ustoz bilan gapirib mustahkamlang — gapirmasdan grammatika esda qolmaydi.
A1 Boshlang'ich daraja
Ingliz tilining poydevori: 'to be', olmoshlar, artikllar, Present Simple, predloglar va oddiy savollar.
- To be (am, is, are)Men talabaman, u shifokor — 'bo'lmoq' fe'li: tasdiq, inkor va so'roq.
- Pronouns: I/my, he/his, she/herMen — mening, u — uning: kishilik olmoshlari va egalik so'zlari (I / my, he / his, she / her).
- Artikllar: a, an, theBir kitob yoki o'sha kitob — a, an va the artikllari.
- Ko'plik shakli (plural nouns)Kitoblar, bolalar — otlarning ko'plik shakli va sondan keyingi ko'plik (two books).
- This, that, these, thoseBu va u, bular va ular — yaqin va uzoqdagi narsalarni ko'rsatish.
- There is / there areXonada stol bor, shaharda parklar bor — 'bor' / 'yo'q' degan gaplar.
- Present Simple: tasdiq gapMen har kuni ishlayman, u ishlaydi — oddiy hozirgi zamon, tasdiq gap va he/she/it + -s.
- Present Simple: so'roq va inkorChoy ichasizmi? U go'sht yemaydi — do/does va don't/doesn't bilan so'roq va inkor.
- Can va can'tSuzish qo'limdan keladi, yordam bera olasizmi? — qobiliyat va iltimos uchun can / can't.
- Have got / has gotMening akam bor, uning mashinasi bor — egalikni bildiruvchi have got / has got.
- Joy predloglari: in, on, underStol ustida, quti ichida, eshik orqasida — joyni bildiruvchi predloglar.
- Vaqt predloglari: at, on, inSoat beshda, dushanba kuni, iyulda — vaqtni bildiruvchi at, on, in.
- Buyruq gaplar (imperative)Buyruq, iltimos va taklif: Please sit down. Don't forget. Let's go.
A2 Elementar daraja
O'tgan va kelasi zamon, Present Continuous, qiyoslash, miqdor so'zlari va majburiyat fe'llari.
- Present ContinuousMen hozir o'qiyapman — ayni paytda bo'layotgan ish-harakat.
- Present Simple va Continuous farqiHar kuni ishlayman / hozir ishlayapman — odat va hozirgi harakat farqi.
- Was va wereKecha uyda edim — 'edi' ma'nosidagi was va were.
- Past SimpleKecha kino ko'rdim — o'tgan zamon: -ed va noto'g'ri fe'llar.
- Past Simple: did va didn'tKecha keldingmi? Yo'q, kelmadim — did va didn't.
- Some va any, sanaladigan otlarBir olma, ikki olma — lekin 'ikki suv' emas: sanaladigan otlar va some/any.
- Much, many, a few, a littleKo'p va oz: much/many, a lot of, a few, a little.
- Comparatives: -er, more, thanToshkent Samarqanddan kattaroq — sifatlarni qiyoslash.
- Superlatives: the -est, the mostEng baland tog', eng qiziq kitob — sifatning orttirma darajasi.
- Be going toErtaga do'stimni ko'rmoqchiman — be going to: rejalar va aniq belgiga qarab bashorat.
- Will: kelasi zamonMen yordam beraman! — will: shu zahoti qaror, taxmin va va'da.
- Always, usually, never: o'rniHar doim, odatda, ba'zan, hech qachon — chastota ravishlari va ularning o'rni.
- Must, have to, shouldQoida, majburiyat va maslahat: must / mustn't, have to / don't have to, should / shouldn't.
B1 O'rta daraja
Present Perfect, shart gaplar, majhul nisbat, nisbiy gaplar, gerund va phrasal verbs.
- Present Perfect: ever, neverHayotiy tajriba haqida: Have you ever been to London? — I've never tried sushi.
- Present Perfect va Past SimpleI have lost my key yoki I lost my key? — vaqt aniq bo'lsa Past Simple.
- For, since, just, already, yetI've lived here for 5 years · I've just eaten · Have you finished yet?.
- Past Continuous: when, whileI was cooking when the phone rang — o'tmishda davom etayotgan ish.
- Used toI used to play football — avval qilardim, endi qilmayman.
- First ConditionalIf it rains, I will stay at home — real kelajakdagi shart.
- Second ConditionalIf I were rich, I would travel — xayoliy, real bo'lmagan holat.
- Passive voice (majhul nisbat)English is spoken here · The bridge was built in 1990 — majhul nisbat.
- Relative clauses: who, which, thatThe man who lives next door · the city where I was born — aniqlovchi ergash gap.
- Don't have to va mustn't farqiMajburiyat, ruxsat yo'qligi, zarurat yo'qligi va maslahat.
- Kelasi zamon: will, going toI'll help you · I'm going to study · I'm meeting Ali at 6 — kelajak shakllari.
- Question tagsIt's cold, isn't it? — 'shunday emasmi?', 'to'g'rimi?' degan qisqa savol.
- Gerund va infinitiveSwimming is fun, good at drawing, I want to learn, I came here to study — -ing yoki to + fe'l (asosiy holatlar).
- Phrasal verbsGet up, turn on, look for, give up — fe'l + kichik so'z: yangi ma'no va to'g'ri so'z tartibi (turn it off).
B2 O'rtadan yuqori daraja
Murakkab zamonlar, Third Conditional, ko'chirma gap, taxmin fe'llari va bog'lovchilar — IELTS 6+ uchun.
- Present Perfect ContinuousI have been waiting for an hour — o'tmishda boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etayotgan harakat.
- Past PerfectWhen I arrived, the film had started — o'tmishdagi ikki harakatdan qaysi biri oldin bo'lgan.
- Third ConditionalIf I had studied, I would have passed — o'tmishdagi bo'lmagan shart va afsus.
- Reported SpeechHe said that he was tired — birovning gapini o'zgartirib yetkazish, say va tell.
- Reported questions va buyruqlarShe asked where I lived; he told me to wait — so'roq va buyruqni yetkazish.
- Must be, can't be, might beHe must be tired; she can't have seen it — taxmin va xulosa modal fe'llari.
- Gerund yoki infinitive: ma'no farqiI enjoy reading, I want to read; stop smoking vs stop to smoke — -ing yoki to + fe'l.
- It is said, have something doneIt is said that..., He is believed to be..., I had my hair cut — murakkab majhul nisbat.
- Wish va If onlyI wish I had more time; if only I hadn't said that — orzu va afsusni ifodalash.
- Although, despite, because ofAlthough, despite, however, whereas, because of — IELTS Writing uchun bog'lovchilar.
C1 Yuqori daraja
Inversiya, cleft gaplar, aralash shartlar, nominalizatsiya va akademik ehtiyotkor til — IELTS 7+ uchun.
- Future Continuous va Future PerfectErtaga shu paytda ishlayotgan bo'laman / Yil oxirigacha tugatgan bo'laman.
- Mixed ConditionalsAgar o'shanda o'qiganimda, hozir shifokor bo'lardim — aralash shart gaplar.
- Inversion: Never have I…Never have I seen…, Not only…, Hardly had… — ta'kid uchun so'z tartibini almashtirish.
- Cleft sentencesMenga kerak bo'lgani — dam olish; Aynan Ali kitobni oldi — gapdagi ta'kid.
- Participle clausesIshni tugatib, uyga ketdim; 1900-yilda qurilgan bino — sifatdosh va ravishdosh iboralar.
- Should have, could have, needn't haveKelishim kerak edi, keragi yo'q edi, bo'lishi mumkin edi — o'tmishdagi modal fe'llar.
- NominalisationDecide → decision: fe'lni otga aylantirib, akademik uslubda yozish.
- Hedging: ehtiyotkor tilAftidan, ehtimol, odatda — IELTS Writing Task 2 da ehtiyotkor fikr bildirish.