Grammatika · B1
Gerund and infinitive: -ing or to + verb
Swimming is fun, good at drawing, I want to learn, I came here to study — -ing yoki to + fe'l (asosiy holatlar).
Qoida: Gerund va infinitive
O'zbekchada fe'lni ot kabi ishlatish uchun "-ish" qo'shamiz: suzish, o'qish. Ingliz tilida buning ikki shakli bor: gerund (fe'l + -ing: swimming) va infinitive (to + V1: to swim). Qaysi biri kelishi gapdagi o'rniga va oldidagi so'zga bog'liq. Bu darsda eng ko'p uchraydigan holatlarni o'rganamiz.
| Qachon | Shakl | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Gapning egasi bo'lsa | -ing | Swimming is good for you. |
| Predlogdan keyin (at, in, of, for, about, before, after, without) | -ing | I'm good at drawing. Thanks for helping me. |
| enjoy, finish, mind, keep, spend time dan keyin | -ing | I enjoy cooking. He finished reading the book. |
| want, need, decide, hope, plan, learn, would like dan keyin | to + V1 | I want to travel. She decided to stay. |
| Maqsad: nima uchun? ("...ish uchun") | to + V1 | I went to the shop to buy bread. |
| Sifatdan keyin: easy, hard, nice, important | to + V1 | It's hard to break a habit. |
-ing: ega (Reading is fun) · predlog + -ing (interested in learning) · enjoy / finish / mind + -ing · to + V1: want / decide / hope + to · maqsad (to buy) · It's + sifat + to (It's easy to learn)
like, love, hate, start, begin bilan ikkala shakl ham bo'ladi va ma'no deyarli o'zgarmaydi: I like reading / I like to read. It started raining / It started to rain. Lekin would like doim to bilan: I'd like to go (I'd like going emas). stop, remember, try kabi fe'llarda shakl ma'noni o'zgartiradi — bu B2 mavzusi.
Maslahat: Fe'llarni juft holda yodlang: enjoy doing, finish doing, want to do, decide to do. Lug'at daftaringizga yangi fe'lni doim shu shakli bilan yozing.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- Learning English opens many doors.Ingliz tilini o'rganish ko'p eshiklarni ochadi.
- I'm interested in working abroad.Chet elda ishlashga qiziqaman.
- She enjoys walking in the park.U bog'da sayr qilishni yaxshi ko'radi.
- We decided to take the train.Poyezdda borishga qaror qildik.
- I called her to say thank you.Rahmat aytish uchun unga qo'ng'iroq qildim.
- It's nice to meet you.Tanishganimdan xursandman.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
I enjoy to read.I enjoy reading.
enjoy dan keyin doim -ing.
I want learning English.I want to learn English.
want dan keyin to + V1.
I came here for study English.I came here to study English.
Maqsad ("o'qish uchun") — to + V1. O'zbekcha "uchun" ta'sirida 'for' qo'yish xato.
I'm good at draw.I'm good at drawing.
Predlogdan keyin fe'l -ing shaklida keladi.
Learn English is not easy.Learning English is not easy.
Fe'l gapning egasi bo'lsa -ing qo'shiladi (yoki: It isn't easy to learn English).
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Verb + -ing (enjoy doing/ stop doing etc.) | 125-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganish
Videoni ko'rish: Verb+ to... ( decide to/ forget to.... etc) | 126-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy | zavqlanmoq, yoqtirmoq | I enjoy cooking for my family. |
| decide | qaror qilmoq | We decided to stay at home. |
| hope | umid qilmoq | I hope to see you soon. |
| be good at | ...ni yaxshi uddalamoq | She is good at drawing. |
| be interested in | ...ga qiziqmoq | I'm interested in learning languages. |
| finish | tugatmoq | Have you finished reading the book? |
| habit | odat | It's hard to break a habit. |
| abroad | chet elda, chet elga | I'd like to study abroad. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Bo'sh vaqtda nimani yoqtirishingiz va nimani yoqtirmasligingizni yozing — enjoy / don't like + -ing.
Namuna: I enjoy reading detective stories. I don't like doing housework.
Gapiring: Kelasi yilgi rejalaringiz haqida ayting — want / hope / plan + to + fe'l.
Namuna: I want to get a driving licence. I hope to visit Turkey in the summer.
Yozing: Kecha qayerlarga borganingizni va nima maqsadda borganingizni yozing — to + fe'l (maqsad).
Namuna: I went to the market to buy fruit. I went to the bank to pay a bill. I called my friend to invite him to dinner.
Gapiring: Nimani yaxshi qila olishingiz va nimaga qiziqishingiz haqida ayting — good at / interested in + -ing.
Namuna: I'm good at cooking. I'm interested in learning Korean. I'm not very good at drawing.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz qiziqishlaringiz, rejalaringiz va nima uchun ingliz tilini o'rganayotganingiz haqida so'raydi — -ing va to + fe'l shakllarini to'g'ri tanlang.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.