Grammatika · B2
Gerund or Infinitive
I enjoy reading, I want to read; stop smoking vs stop to smoke — -ing yoki to + fe'l.
Qoida: Gerund yoki infinitive: ma'no farqi
O'zbek tilida 'o'qishni yaxshi ko'raman', 'o'qishni xohlayman' — ikkalasida ham '-ish' shakli. Ingliz tilida esa ba'zi fe'llardan keyin -ing (gerund), ba'zilaridan keyin to + V1 (infinitive) keladi. Buni qoida bilan emas, ko'proq fe'llar ro'yxati bilan yodlash kerak.
| Shakl | Fe'llar | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| + V-ing | enjoy, avoid, mind, finish, suggest, keep, consider, can't stand, practise, give up | I enjoy swimming. |
| + to V1 | want, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse, promise, manage, afford, learn, need | We decided to leave. |
| Predlogdan keyin har doim -ing | interested in, good at, before, after, without, look forward to | I'm looking forward to seeing you. |
| Ikkalasi, ma'no o'zgarmaydi | like, love, hate, start, begin, continue | It started raining / to rain. |
| Fe'l | + V-ing | + to V1 |
|---|---|---|
| stop | stop smoking — chekishni tashlamoq | stop to smoke — chekish uchun to'xtamoq |
| remember | remember meeting him — uchrashganimni eslayman (o'tmish) | remember to call — qo'ng'iroq qilishni unutmaslik (kelajak) |
| forget | I'll never forget visiting Khiva — xotira | Don't forget to lock the door — vazifa |
| try | try drinking tea — sinab ko'rmoq (natija uchun) | try to open — harakat qilmoq (qiyin) |
Maslahat: Yangi fe'lni lug'atga yozganda darhol uning qolipini ham yozing: enjoy + -ing, decide + to. Shunda xato kamayadi.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- Would you mind opening the window?Derazani ochib yuborsangiz qarshi emasmisiz?
- She refused to answer my question.U savolimga javob berishdan bosh tortdi.
- He finally gave up smoking.U nihoyat chekishni tashladi.
- We stopped to buy some water.Suv sotib olish uchun to'xtadik.
- Remember to bring your passport.Pasportingizni olib kelishni unutmang.
- I'm interested in learning Korean.Men koreys tilini o'rganishga qiziqaman.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
I enjoy to play football.I enjoy playing football.
'enjoy' dan keyin har doim -ing.
I want learning English.I want to learn English.
'want' dan keyin to + V1.
I'm looking forward to see you.I'm looking forward to seeing you.
Bu yerda 'to' — predlog, shuning uchun -ing keladi.
He suggested to go to the cinema.He suggested going to the cinema.
'suggest' + -ing (yoki suggest that we go).
I can't afford buying a car.I can't afford to buy a car.
'afford' + to V1.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: I want to do vs I enjoy doing | 51-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganish
Videoni ko'rish: Verb + -ing or to .... (remember, regret etc.) | 127-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| avoid | qochmoq, oldini olmoq | I avoid eating fast food. |
| refuse | rad etmoq | He refused to sign the contract. |
| afford | puli yetmoq | We can't afford to rent a big flat. |
| manage | uddalamoq | She managed to finish on time. |
| consider | o'ylab ko'rmoq | I'm considering changing my job. |
| give up | tashlamoq, voz kechmoq | He gave up eating sugar. |
| can't stand | chiday olmaslik | I can't stand waiting in queues. |
| look forward to | intizorlik bilan kutmoq | I look forward to meeting you. |
| suggest | taklif qilmoq | She suggested going to the park. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Bo'sh vaqtda nima qilishni yaxshi ko'rasiz va nimaga chiday olmaysiz? (enjoy + -ing, can't stand + -ing)
Namuna: I enjoy playing chess with my grandfather. I can't stand waiting in long queues.
Gapiring: Bu yilgi ikki rejangiz haqida gapiring (want / hope / plan / decide + to V1).
Namuna: This year I want to get a driving licence. I hope to pass the IELTS exam with a 7.
Yozing: Tashlab yuborgan odatingiz va endi nimani qilmaslikka harakat qilayotganingiz haqida yozing (give up / stop / avoid + -ing).
Namuna: Last year I gave up drinking fizzy drinks. I also stopped using my phone before bed. Now I try to avoid eating late at night.
Gapiring: Bolaligingizdan bir xotirani eslang va kelajakda nimani unutmasligingiz kerakligini ayting (remember + -ing va remember + to V1 farqini ko'rsating).
Namuna: I remember visiting my grandmother's village every summer. I remember swimming in the river there. I must remember to call her this weekend.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz odatlaringiz, rejalaringiz va xotiralaringiz haqida so'raydi — enjoy/avoid + -ing, want/decide + to bilan javob bering.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.