Grammatika · B2
Modals of Deduction
He must be tired; she can't have seen it — taxmin va xulosa modal fe'llari.
Qoida: Must be, can't be, might be
O'zbek tilida taxminni 'bo'lsa kerak', 'bo'lishi mumkin', 'bo'lishi mumkin emas' kabi so'zlar bilan aytamiz. Ingliz tilida bu modal fe'llar orqali beriladi: must (aniq ishonaman, 95%), might/may/could (balki, 50%), can't (bo'lishi mumkin emas, 95% ishonch bilan inkor).
Hozir: must / might / may / could / can't + V1 (be, know, live...) · Hozir davom etayotgan: must be + V-ing · O'tmish: must / might / could / can't + have + V3
| Ishonch | Hozir | O'tmish |
|---|---|---|
| Ishonaman (ha) | He must be at home. | He must have left early. |
| Balki | She might / may / could be ill. | She might have missed the bus. |
| Ishonaman (yo'q) | It can't be true. | They can't have finished yet. |
Diqqat: 'must' ning inkori taxminda 'mustn't' EMAS, balki 'can't' (yoki couldn't). 'mustn't' taqiqni bildiradi: You mustn't smoke here.
Maslahat: Rasm tasvirlashda (IELTS Speaking, FCE) modal fe'llar juda qo'l keladi: They might be on holiday. It must be summer.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- The lights are on. They must be at home.Chiroqlar yonib turibdi. Ular uyda bo'lsa kerak.
- She isn't answering. She might be in a meeting.U javob bermayapti. Balki majlisdadir.
- That can't be Aziz — he's in London this week.Bu Aziz bo'lishi mumkin emas — u bu hafta Londonda.
- The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.Yer ho'l. Kecha yomg'ir yog'gan bo'lsa kerak.
- He can't have seen us — he didn't say hello.U bizni ko'rmagan bo'lsa kerak — salom bermadi.
- You must be joking!Hazillashayotgan bo'lsangiz kerak!
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
He mustn't be at home — his car is gone.He can't be at home — his car is gone.
Taxminda inkor 'can't'. 'mustn't' — taqiq (mumkin emas, ruxsat yo'q).
She must to be tired.She must be tired.
Modal fe'ldan keyin 'to' qo'yilmaydi.
He must went home.He must have gone home.
O'tmish haqida taxmin: must have + V3.
They can't have saw the message.They can't have seen the message.
'have' dan keyin V3: seen.
Maybe he must be ill.He might be ill.
'maybe' va 'must' bir-biriga zid: ishonch past bo'lsa 'might/may/could'.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Must and can't | 117-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganish
Videoni ko'rish: May and might | 118-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| deduce | xulosa chiqarmoq | From the evidence, we can deduce that he must have left early. |
| evidence | dalil | There is no evidence, so it might be a mistake. |
| certain | aniq, ishonchli | I'm certain — it must be his car. |
| probably | ehtimol | She's probably at work; she might be in a meeting. |
| clue | iz, ishora | The clue shows the thief must have used the window. |
| impossible | imkonsiz | It's impossible — he can't have finished already. |
| guess | taxmin qilmoq | I guess they might be on holiday. |
| explanation | izoh, tushuntirish | There could be another explanation. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Hozir oilangizdagi ikki kishi nima qilayotganini taxmin qiling (must be / might be + -ing).
Namuna: My father must be working now. My little sister might be watching cartoons.
Gapiring: Yaqinda yo'qolgan narsangiz haqida aytib bering: uni qayerda qoldirgan bo'lishingiz mumkin? (might/must/can't have + V3)
Namuna: I lost my umbrella last week. I must have left it on the bus, or I might have forgotten it at the café.
Yozing: Qo'shningiz yoki tanimagan odamni kuzatib, u haqida 3 ta taxmin yozing (must / might / can't).
Namuna: My new neighbour leaves home at 6 a.m. She must be a doctor or a teacher. She might have children because I hear noise. She can't be rich — she drives an old car.
Gapiring: Tasavvur qiling: uyga kelsangiz, eshik ochiq va xona tartibsiz. Nima bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkinligini aytib bering (must/might/can't have + V3).
Namuna: Someone must have opened the door. My brother might have come home early. It can't have been a thief because nothing is missing.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz sizga sirli vaziyatlarni tasvirlaydi — siz must / might / can't (have) bilan taxmin qilasiz.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.