Grammatika · B1
Must, have to, don't have to, should
Majburiyat, ruxsat yo'qligi, zarurat yo'qligi va maslahat.
Qoida: Don't have to va mustn't farqi
O'zbekchada '-ish kerak', '-ishim shart', '-sang yaxshi bo'ladi' deymiz. Ingliz tilida bu ma'nolarni modal fe'llar beradi. Modal fe'llardan (must, should) keyin to'g'ridan-to'g'ri V1 keladi, 'to' qo'yilmaydi va he/she bilan -s qo'shilmaydi.
| Shakl | Ma'nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| must | shart (gapiruvchining fikri, qoidalar) | I must call my mum tonight. |
| have to / has to | shart (tashqi qoida, vaziyat) | Students have to wear a uniform. |
| mustn't | mumkin emas, taqiqlangan | You mustn't smoke here. |
| don't have to | shart emas, kerak bo'lmasa qilmasang ham bo'ladi | You don't have to pay. It's free. |
| should / shouldn't | maslahat: ...sa yaxshi bo'ladi | You should see a doctor. |
must/should + V1 · have/has to + V1 · o'tmishda: had to + V1 (must'ning o'tgan zamoni yo'q) · savol: Do I have to ...? Should I ...?
Maslahat: Mustn't va don't have to farqini eslang: 'You mustn't go' — borish man etiladi; 'You don't have to go' — bormasang ham bo'ladi, o'zing bil.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- You must wear a seat belt in the car.Mashinada xavfsizlik kamarini taqish shart.
- My sister has to get up at 6 because she works early.Opam erta ishlagani uchun soat 6 da turishi kerak.
- You mustn't use your phone during the exam.Imtihon paytida telefondan foydalanish mumkin emas.
- We don't have to go to school on Sunday.Yakshanba kuni maktabga borishimiz shart emas.
- You look tired. You should go to bed early.Charchagan ko'rinasiz. Erta yotsangiz yaxshi bo'ladi.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
You don't have to smoke in the hospital.You mustn't smoke in the hospital.
Taqiq — mustn't. 'Don't have to' faqat 'shart emas' degani.
He must to finish the work.He must finish the work.
Must dan keyin 'to' qo'yilmaydi.
She have to work on Saturdays.She has to work on Saturdays.
He/she/it bilan 'has to'.
Yesterday I must stay at home.Yesterday I had to stay at home.
O'tmishdagi majburiyat — had to.
You should to drink more water.You should drink more water.
Should dan keyin ham 'to' yo'q.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: Oxford Online English; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Modal Verbs - How to Use Must, Have to and Should - English Grammar LessonMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| rule | qoida | The rules say we must be quiet in the library. |
| allowed | ruxsat etilgan | You mustn't eat here — food isn't allowed. |
| seat belt | xavfsizlik kamari | You must wear a seat belt. |
| free | bepul | You don't have to pay. The museum is free. |
| cough | yo'tal | You should drink hot tea for your cough. |
| switch off | o'chirmoq | You have to switch off your phone in the cinema. |
| necessary | zarur | It isn't necessary, so you don't have to come. |
| polite | xushmuomala, odobli | You should be polite to older people. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Uyda qilishingiz shart bo'lgan 2 ta ishni yozing — have to / has to ishlating.
Namuna: I have to wash the dishes after dinner. My brother has to take out the rubbish.
Gapiring: Maktabingiz yoki ish joyingiz qoidalarini ayting: nima shart (must/have to), nima taqiqlangan (mustn't), nima shart emas (don't have to).
Namuna: We must be on time. We mustn't use phones in meetings. We don't have to wear a suit on Fridays.
Yozing: Ingliz tilini o'rganayotgan do'stingizga 3 ta maslahat yozing — should / shouldn't ishlating.
Namuna: You should watch films in English. You should learn ten new words every day. You shouldn't be afraid of mistakes.
Gapiring: O'tgan hafta majbur bo'lgan va majbur bo'lmagan ishlaringiz haqida gapiring — had to / didn't have to.
Namuna: Last week I had to finish a big project. I had to stay at work until nine. On Sunday I didn't have to cook because we went to a restaurant.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz maktab/ish qoidalari, uydagi majburiyatlaringiz haqida so'raydi va muammolaringizga maslahat so'raydi — must, have to, don't have to, should ishlating.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.