Grammatika · A2
Must, have to, should: rules and advice
Qoida, majburiyat va maslahat: must / mustn't, have to / don't have to, should / shouldn't.
Qoida: Must, have to, should
O'zbekchada "...ish kerak", "...ish shart", "...mumkin emas", "...sangiz yaxshi bo'ladi" deymiz. Ingliz tilida bu ma'nolarni modal fe'llar beradi. Asosiy qoida: must, mustn't, should dan keyin fe'lning oddiy shakli (V1) keladi — 'to' qo'yilmaydi va he / she bilan ham -s qo'shilmaydi: She must go (She musts go emas).
| So'z | Ma'nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| must | shart, juda muhim | I must call my mother tonight. |
| have to / has to | shart (qoida, ish yoki vaziyat talab qiladi) | I have to work on Saturday. |
| mustn't | mumkin emas, taqiqlangan | You mustn't smoke here. |
| don't have to / doesn't have to | shart emas, qilmasangiz ham bo'ladi | You don't have to pay. It's free. |
| should / shouldn't | maslahat: ...sangiz yaxshi bo'ladi | You should drink more water. |
must / mustn't / should / shouldn't + V1 · I / you / we / they have to + V1 · he / she / it has to + V1 · Do you have to ...? · Should I ...?
have to oddiy fe'l kabi ishlaydi: inkor va so'roq do / does bilan yasaladi: She doesn't have to work today. Do I have to bring a photo? must va should esa inkor va so'roqni o'zi yasaydi: You shouldn't worry. Should I call him? Eng muhim farq: mustn't — qilish taqiqlangan; don't have to — qilmasangiz ham bo'ladi.
Maslahat: Do'stga maslahat berganda must emas, should ishlating — must juda qat'iy eshitiladi. "You should rest" — do'stona maslahat; "You must rest" — shifokorning buyrug'i kabi.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- You must wear a seat belt.Xavfsizlik kamarini taqish shart.
- My dad has to get up at six.Dadam soat oltida turishi kerak.
- You mustn't use your phone in the exam.Imtihonda telefondan foydalanish mumkin emas.
- We don't have to wear a uniform.Biz forma kiyishimiz shart emas.
- You should see a doctor.Shifokorga ko'rinsangiz yaxshi bo'ladi.
- What should I do?Nima qilsam bo'ladi?
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
You must to go now.You must go now.
must va should dan keyin 'to' qo'yilmaydi.
She have to work today.She has to work today.
he / she / it bilan 'has to'.
You don't have to smoke here.You mustn't smoke here.
Taqiq — mustn't. 'Don't have to' faqat 'shart emas' degani.
Do I must bring a photo?Do I have to bring a photo?
must so'rog'i 'do' bilan yasalmaydi; odatda 'Do I have to ...?' deyiladi.
You should to sleep more.You should sleep more.
should dan keyin ham 'to' yo'q.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Modal verbs | 32-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganish
Videoni ko'rish: I have to ... | 34-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganish
Videoni ko'rish: Modal verbs | 33-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| rule | qoida | It's a rule: you must be quiet in the library. |
| uniform | forma | We have to wear a uniform at school. |
| on time | o'z vaqtida | You must be on time for the exam. |
| passport | pasport | Do I have to bring my passport? |
| advice | maslahat | Thanks for the advice. I should rest more. |
| rest | dam olmoq | You should rest this weekend. |
| healthy | sog'lom | You should eat healthy food. |
| dangerous | xavfli | You mustn't swim here. It's dangerous. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Ishingiz yoki o'qishingizda nima qilish shartligini yozing — have to / has to ishlating.
Namuna: I have to start work at nine. My boss has to answer a lot of emails.
Gapiring: Avtobus yoki metroda nima mumkin emasligini ayting — mustn't bilan.
Namuna: You mustn't eat on the metro. You mustn't smoke on the bus.
Yozing: Dam olish kunlari nima qilish shart emasligini yozing — don't have to / doesn't have to bilan.
Namuna: On Sunday I don't have to get up early. I don't have to go to work. My son doesn't have to do homework.
Gapiring: Do'stingiz kech uxlaydi va doim charchaydi. Unga 3 ta maslahat bering — should / shouldn't.
Namuna: You should go to bed before eleven. You shouldn't drink coffee in the evening. You should put your phone away at night.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz maktab va ish qoidalari, majburiyatlaringiz haqida so'raydi va kichik muammolaringizga maslahat so'raydi — must, have to, don't have to, mustn't, should ishlating.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.