Grammatika · B1
Present Perfect: experience (ever, never, been/gone)
Hayotiy tajriba haqida: Have you ever been to London? — I've never tried sushi.
Qoida: Present Perfect: ever, never
Present Perfect (have/has + V3) bilan hayotimizdagi tajriba haqida gapiramiz: biror ishni hayotda qilganmizmi yoki yo'qmi. Qachon qilganimiz muhim emas va aytilmaydi. O'zbekchada 'Londonda bo'lganman', 'sushi yeb ko'rmaganman' deymiz — '-gan' qo'shimchasi aynan shu ma'noni beradi.
I/you/we/they + have ('ve) + V3 · he/she/it + has ('s) + V3 · Have you ever + V3 ...? · I have never + V3 ...
| So'z | Ma'nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| ever | hech (savolda) — hayotda biror marta | Have you ever seen snow? |
| never | hech qachon (inkor ma'nosi bor) | I have never seen snow. |
| been to | borib qaytgan (hozir u yerda emas) | She has been to Paris. |
| gone to | ketgan (hozir o'sha yerda) | She has gone to Paris. |
'Never' o'zi inkor ma'nosini beradi, shuning uchun gapga 'not' qo'shilmaydi. Qisqa javob: Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. Tajriba haqida savolga 'ha' deb javob bersak, keyin tafsilotni Past Simple bilan aytamiz: Yes, I have. I went there in 2022.
Maslahat: Been va gone farqini eslab qoling: been — borib kelgan, gone — ketgan va hali qaytmagan. 'He has gone to Tashkent' desangiz, u hozir Toshkentda.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- Have you ever eaten Japanese food?Hech yapon taomini yeganmisiz?
- I have never flown in a plane.Men hech qachon samolyotda uchmaganman.
- My brother has been to Turkey three times.Akam Turkiyada uch marta bo'lgan.
- Where is Dilnoza? — She has gone to the shop.Dilnoza qayerda? — U do'konga ketgan (hali qaytmagan).
- Has your father ever lived abroad? — No, he hasn't.Otangiz hech chet elda yashaganmi? — Yo'q.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
I haven't never been to Moscow.I have never been to Moscow.
'Never' allaqachon inkor — 'not' bilan birga ishlatilmaydi (ikki inkor xato).
Did you ever see a camel?Have you ever seen a camel?
Hayotiy tajriba so'ralganda Present Perfect ishlatiladi: have + V3.
I have been in London last year.I went to London last year.
Aniq vaqt (last year) aytilsa, Present Perfect emas, Past Simple kerak.
He has went to Samarkand.He has gone to Samarkand.
Have/has dan keyin V2 emas, V3 (go — went — gone).
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Present Perfect | 17-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| abroad | chet elda, chet elga | Have you ever lived abroad? |
| experience | tajriba | Travelling alone was a great experience. |
| try | sinab ko'rmoq, tatib ko'rmoq | I have never tried snail soup. |
| fly | uchmoq | Have you ever flown in a helicopter? |
| climb | chiqmoq, tirmashmoq | He has climbed Chimgan mountain twice. |
| famous | mashhur | I have never met a famous singer. |
| foreign | xorijiy, chet | She has visited many foreign countries. |
| once | bir marta | I have been to Khiva once. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Hayotda qilgan 2 ta qiziq ishingizni yozing — have/has + V3 ishlating, vaqtini aytmang.
Namuna: I have climbed Chimgan mountain. I have swum in the Aral Sea.
Yozing: Hech qachon qilmagan, lekin qilishni xohlagan 3 ta ishingizni yozing — 'I have never + V3' ishlating.
Namuna: I have never seen the ocean. I have never flown in a helicopter. I have never tried Korean food.
Gapiring: Do'stingizga 'Have you ever...?' bilan 3 ta savol bering (sayohat, taom, sport haqida).
Namuna: Have you ever been to Khiva? Have you ever eaten horse meat? Have you ever run a marathon?
Gapiring: Oila a'zolaringizdan biri qayerlarda bo'lganini ayting: has been to ... ; hozir uyda bo'lmagan kishi uchun has gone to ishlating.
Namuna: My father has been to Russia many times. My mother has never been abroad. My sister has gone to the market.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz sizdan hayotiy tajribangiz haqida 'Have you ever...?' deb so'raydi — javobda have/has + V3, ever/never ishlating.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.