Grammatika · B2
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been waiting for an hour — o'tmishda boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etayotgan harakat.
Qoida: Present Perfect Continuous
O'zbek tilida 'Bir soatdan beri kutyapman' deymiz — hozirgi zamon fe'li va 'dan beri'. Ingliz tilida bunday holatda Present Simple yoki Present Continuous emas, Present Perfect Continuous ishlatiladi: I have been waiting for an hour. Bu zamon o'tmishda boshlangan va hozirgacha davom etayotgan (yoki hozirgina tugab, natijasi ko'rinib turgan) harakatni bildiradi. Diqqat harakatning davomiyligiga qaratiladi.
I/you/we/they + have been + V-ing · he/she/it + has been + V-ing · Inkor: haven't/hasn't been + V-ing · So'roq: Have/Has + ega + been + V-ing?
| Vaziyat | Misol | Ma'nosi |
|---|---|---|
| Hozirgacha davom etmoqda | She has been learning English for three years. | Uch yildan beri o'rganyapti (hali ham) |
| Yaqinda tugagan, izi bor | You're wet. Have you been running? | Hozir yugurib keldingmi? |
| for + muddat | for two hours, for a long time | ... davomida / ...dan beri |
| since + boshlanish nuqtasi | since 9 o'clock, since 2020, since I moved here | ...dan beri |
| Natija/son (Present Perfect Simple) | I have written three emails. | Nechta ekani muhim — Continuous emas |
Present Perfect Simple bilan farqi: Simple natijaga yoki songa e'tibor beradi (I have read 50 pages), Continuous esa jarayon va davomiylikka (I have been reading all morning). Holat fe'llari (know, like, believe, own, understand) odatda Continuous shaklda ishlatilmaydi: I have known him since school.
Maslahat: 'How long...?' savolini eshitsangiz, javobda ko'pincha Present Perfect Continuous kerak bo'ladi: How long have you been learning English? — I've been learning it for two years.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- I have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes.Yigirma daqiqadan beri avtobus kutyapman.
- It has been raining since this morning.Ertalabdan beri yomg'ir yog'yapti.
- How long have you been working here?Bu yerda qancha vaqtdan beri ishlayapsiz?
- Her eyes are red — she has been crying.Ko'zlari qizarib ketgan — u yig'lagan (hozirgina).
- We haven't been sleeping well lately.Keyingi paytlarda yaxshi uxlamayapmiz.
- I have known Aziz since 2015.Azizni 2015-yildan beri bilaman (know — holat fe'li).
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
I am waiting here for an hour.I have been waiting here for an hour.
O'zbekcha 'kutyapman' hozirgi zamon, lekin inglizchada 'for/since' bilan davomiylik Present Perfect Continuous talab qiladi.
I live in Tashkent since 2019.I have been living in Tashkent since 2019.
'since' dan keyin Present Simple emas, Present Perfect (Continuous) kerak. 'I have lived' ham to'g'ri.
I have been studying here since three years.I have been studying here for three years.
Muddat (three years) bilan 'for', boshlanish nuqtasi (2020, Monday) bilan 'since'.
I have been knowing her for years.I have known her for years.
'know' holat fe'li — Continuous shaklda ishlatilmaydi.
She has been writing four letters today.She has written four letters today.
Son yoki natija aytilganda Present Perfect Simple ishlatiladi.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect | 158-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| lately | keyingi paytlarda | I have been feeling tired lately. |
| recently | yaqinda, oxirgi paytda | She has been working hard recently. |
| so far | hozirgacha | We have been travelling for a week so far. |
| exhausted | juda charchagan | I'm exhausted — I've been running for an hour. |
| queue | navbat | We have been standing in this queue for ages. |
| for ages | juda uzoq vaqtdan beri | I haven't been sleeping well for ages. |
| renovate | ta'mirlamoq | They have been renovating their flat since spring. |
| practise | mashq qilmoq | He has been practising the piano all afternoon. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Hozir qilayotgan ikki ishingiz qancha vaqtdan beri davom etayotganini yozing (have been + -ing + for/since).
Namuna: I have been learning English for two years. I have been living in Tashkent since 2019.
Gapiring: Bugun nima qilganingiz tufayli charchaganingizni tushuntiring (I've been + -ing).
Namuna: I'm tired because I've been working on a report all day. I've also been answering emails since nine.
Yozing: Oila a'zolaringizdan biri hozir nima bilan band ekani va qancha vaqtdan beri ekanini yozing (has been + -ing).
Namuna: My sister has been studying medicine for four years. She has been working in a hospital since September. She hasn't been sleeping much lately.
Gapiring: Keyingi paytlarda hayotingizda nima o'zgarganini aytib bering: nimalar qilyapsiz, nima qilmayapsiz (lately, recently + have been + -ing).
Namuna: Lately I've been going to the gym three times a week. I've been eating less sugar. I haven't been watching much TV. I've been reading more books instead.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz sizdan 'How long...?' deb so'raydi: qancha vaqtdan beri o'qiyapsiz, ishlayapsiz, yashayapsiz — javobda have been + -ing ishlating.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.