Grammatika · B2
Past Perfect vs Past Simple
When I arrived, the film had started — o'tmishdagi ikki harakatdan qaysi biri oldin bo'lgan.
Qoida: Past Perfect
O'zbek tilida 'Men kelganimda film boshlanib bo'lgan edi' deymiz — 'bo'lgan edi' oldinroq yuz bergan harakatni ko'rsatadi. Ingliz tilida aynan shu vazifani Past Perfect bajaradi: When I arrived, the film had started. O'tmishdagi ikki harakatdan oldinroq bo'lgani Past Perfect, keyingisi Past Simple bilan aytiladi.
Barcha shaxslar: had + V3 (past participle) · Inkor: hadn't + V3 · So'roq: Had + ega + V3?
| Gap | Ketma-ketlik | Ma'nosi |
|---|---|---|
| When I arrived, the film started. | 1) keldim 2) film boshlandi | Kelganimdan keyin boshlandi |
| When I arrived, the film had started. | 1) film boshlandi 2) keldim | Kelganimda allaqachon boshlangan edi |
| I had never seen snow before I went to Moscow. | Moskvagacha bo'lgan tajriba | Ungacha hech ko'rmagan edim |
| After she had finished, she left. | after/before aniq tartib beradi | Bu yerda Past Simple ham mumkin |
Agar harakatlar ketma-ket, aytilgan tartibda bo'lsa, Past Simple yetarli: I got up, had a shower and left. Past Perfect faqat orqaga qaytib, 'undan ham oldin' degan ma'noni berish kerak bo'lganda kerak. Ko'p ishlatiladigan so'zlar: already, just, never ... before, by the time, by + vaqt.
Maslahat: Hikoya aytayotganda 'by the time' iborasi Past Perfectning eng yaxshi do'sti: By the time the police arrived, the thief had escaped.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- By the time we got to the station, the train had left.Biz bekatga yetib borganimizda poyezd jo'nab ketgan edi.
- She was nervous because she had never flown before.U asabiy edi, chunki ilgari hech qachon samolyotda uchmagan edi.
- I didn't recognise him — he had grown a beard.Uni tanimadim — u soqol qo'yib olgan edi.
- Had you met her before the party?Ziyofatdan oldin u bilan tanishmidingiz?
- They hadn't eaten all day, so they were very hungry.Ular kun bo'yi ovqat yemagan edi, shuning uchun juda och edi.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
When I came home, my mother already cooked dinner.When I came home, my mother had already cooked dinner.
Ovqat men kelishimdan oldin tayyor bo'lgan — oldingi harakat Past Perfect.
I had gone to Samarkand last year.I went to Samarkand last year.
Boshqa o'tmish voqeasi bilan solishtirilmasa, oddiy Past Simple yetarli. Past Perfectni 'uzoq o'tmish' deb tushunmang.
He had went home before the storm.He had gone home before the storm.
'had' dan keyin V3 (gone) keladi, V2 (went) emas.
I have finished the work before he called.I had finished the work before he called.
O'tmishdagi nuqtadan oldingi harakat uchun Present Perfect emas, Past Perfect.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Past Perfect and Past Simple | 157-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| by the time | ...gan paytga kelib | By the time I woke up, everyone had left. |
| already | allaqachon | The meeting had already finished. |
| recognise | tanimoq | I didn't recognise her because she had cut her hair. |
| realise | anglab yetmoq | I realised that I had forgotten my passport. |
| escape | qochib ketmoq | The thief had escaped before the police arrived. |
| nervous | hayajonli, asabiy | He was nervous because he had never given a speech. |
| previously | ilgari, avval | She had previously worked in a bank. |
| abroad | chet elda | I had never been abroad before 2022. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Kecha uyga kelganingizda nima allaqachon bo'lib bo'lgan edi? 2 ta gap yozing (When I got home, ... had + V3).
Namuna: When I got home, my mother had already cooked dinner. My brother had finished his homework.
Gapiring: Birinchi marta chet elga (yoki boshqa shaharga) borganingizdan oldin nimani hech qilmagan edingiz? (had never + V3 ... before)
Namuna: Before I went to Istanbul, I had never flown on a plane. I had never seen the sea before.
Yozing: Biror marta kechikib qolgan voqeangizni yozing: yetib borganingizda nima bo'lib bo'lgan edi? (by the time + had + V3)
Namuna: Last year I was late for my friend's wedding. By the time I arrived, the ceremony had finished. Everyone had already started eating.
Gapiring: Omadsiz kuningiz haqida hikoya qiling: Past Simple va Past Perfectni birga ishlating (nima oldin bo'lganini had + V3 bilan ko'rsating).
Namuna: Last Monday was a terrible day. I missed the bus because I hadn't heard my alarm. When I got to the office, the meeting had started. I realised I had left my laptop at home.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz o'tmishdagi voqealar haqida hikoya so'raydi — qaysi harakat oldin bo'lganini had + V3 bilan ko'rsating.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.