Present Perfect vs Past Simple

Qoida: Present Perfect va Past Simple

O'zbek tilida 'kitobni o'qidim' degan bitta shakl ikkala holatga ham ishlatiladi. Ingliz tilida esa farq bor. Past Simple — o'tib ketgan, tugagan vaqtdagi ish (yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago). Present Perfect — o'tmishdagi ish, lekin vaqti aytilmagan yoki natijasi hozir muhim.

Yangilik/natija: Present Perfect → tafsilot (qachon, qayerda): Past Simple. I've broken my phone! — How did you break it? — I dropped it.

'When' bilan boshlanadigan savol doim Past Simple: When did you arrive? ('When have you arrived?' — xato). 'Today', 'this week' kabi hali tugamagan vaqt bilan Present Perfect ishlatish mumkin.

Maslahat: Gapda 'qachon' degan aniq javob bo'lsa (yesterday, ago, last, in 2015) — Past Simple tanlang. Vaqt yo'q yoki 'hozirgacha' ma'nosi bo'lsa — Present Perfect.

Misollar tarjimasi bilan

• I have finished my homework. Can I go out now?Uy vazifamni tugatdim. Endi chiqsam bo'ladimi?
• I finished my homework two hours ago.Uy vazifamni ikki soat oldin tugatdim.
• Have you seen the new film? — Yes, I saw it on Sunday.Yangi filmni ko'rdingizmi? — Ha, yakshanba kuni ko'rdim.
• She has written three books.U uchta kitob yozgan (hali yozishi mumkin).
• Navoi wrote many poems.Navoiy ko'p she'r yozgan (hayoti tugagan — Past Simple).

O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar

• ✗ I have seen him yesterday.

  ✓ I saw him yesterday.

  'Yesterday' — tugagan vaqt, Present Perfect bilan ishlatilmaydi.

• ✗ When have you come to Tashkent?

  ✓ When did you come to Tashkent?

  'When' savoli aniq vaqtni so'raydi — Past Simple.

• ✗ I lost my passport. I can't travel.

  ✓ I have lost my passport. I can't travel.

  Natija hozir muhim (pasport yo'q) — Present Perfect yaxshiroq.

• ✗ Did you ever visit Samarkand?

  ✓ Have you ever visited Samarkand?

  Vaqtsiz hayotiy tajriba — Present Perfect (Britaniya inglizchasida).

Video dars

Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.

Videoni ko'rish: Present Perfect va Past Simple | 20-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganish

Mavzuga oid so'zlar

O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring

Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.

1. Yozing: Bugun qilib bo'lgan 2 ta ishingizni yozing — have/has + V3 ishlating (vaqtini aytmang).

   Namuna: I have cleaned my room. I have done my English homework.

2. Yozing: O'tgan hafta oxirida nima qildingiz? Aniq vaqt bilan 3 ta gap yozing — Past Simple ishlating.

   Namuna: On Saturday I visited my grandparents. In the evening we watched a film. On Sunday I played football.

3. Gapiring: Do'stingizga yangilik ayting (Present Perfect), keyin tafsilotini (qachon, qayerda) Past Simple bilan ayting.

   Namuna: I have bought a new phone! I bought it yesterday at the market.

4. Gapiring: Shu yil nimalarga erishdingiz? Present Perfect bilan ayting, bittasining tafsilotini Past Simple bilan qo'shing.

   Namuna: This year I have read ten books. I have also started a new job. I started it in March.

Ustoz bilan: Ustoz yangiliklaringiz va yaqinda nima qilganingizni so'raydi, keyin 'qachon? qanday?' deb tafsilot so'raydi.