Grammatika · B2
Linking Words: Contrast and Reason
Although, despite, however, whereas, because of — IELTS Writing uchun bog'lovchilar.
Qoida: Although, despite, because of
O'zbek tilida 'garchi... bo'lsa ham', '...ga qaramay', 'biroq', 'chunki', '...tufayli' kabi bog'lovchilar bor. Ingliz tilida asosiy farq — ulardan keyin nima keladi: to'liq gap (ega + fe'l) yoki ot/ -ing. Masalan, 'although it rained' (gap), lekin 'despite the rain' (ot). IELTS Writingda bog'lovchilarni to'g'ri ishlatish 'Coherence and Cohesion' bahosiga bevosita ta'sir qiladi.
| Ma'no | + to'liq gap | + ot / V-ing | Gaplar orasida |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zidlik (garchi) | although, even though, though | despite, in spite of | However, ... / Nevertheless, ... |
| Solishtirma zidlik | whereas, while | — | On the other hand, ... |
| Sabab (chunki) | because, since, as | because of, due to | — |
| Natija | so | — | Therefore, ... / As a result, ... |
Although + gap, gap. · Despite / In spite of + ot / V-ing, gap. · Despite the fact that + gap. · Gap. However, gap. · A is ..., whereas B is ...
Maslahat: IELTS Writing Task 2 da har bir paragrafda turli bog'lovchilarni ishlating, lekin haddan oshirmang: har gapni 'However' yoki 'Moreover' bilan boshlash tabiiy emas.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- Although the test was difficult, most students passed.Imtihon qiyin bo'lsa ham, ko'pchilik talabalar o'tdi.
- Despite the heavy traffic, we arrived on time.Kuchli tirbandlikka qaramay, vaqtida yetib keldik.
- In spite of being tired, she kept working.Charchaganiga qaramay, u ishlashda davom etdi.
- Public transport is cheap. However, it is often crowded.Jamoat transporti arzon. Biroq, u ko'pincha gavjum.
- Some people prefer cities, whereas others prefer villages.Ba'zilar shaharni afzal ko'radi, boshqalar esa qishloqni.
- The flight was cancelled because of the storm.Bo'ron tufayli parvoz bekor qilindi.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
Despite it was raining, we went out.Although it was raining, we went out.
'despite' dan keyin to'liq gap emas, ot keladi: Despite the rain, ... yoki Despite the fact that it was raining.
Although he is rich, but he is unhappy.Although he is rich, he is unhappy.
O'zbekchadagi 'garchi... -sa ham, lekin' qolipi inglizchada xato: although bilan 'but' birga ishlatilmaydi.
Despite of the cold, they swam.Despite the cold, they swam.
'despite of' yo'q: despite yoki in spite of.
The prices are high, however people buy them.The prices are high. However, people still buy them.
'However' gapning boshida, oldidan nuqta (yoki nuqtali vergul), keyin vergul.
We stayed home because of it was cold.We stayed home because it was cold.
'because' + gap, 'because of' + ot (because of the cold).
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Although, though, even, though, in spite of, despite | 146-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| although | garchi... bo'lsa ham | Although it is expensive, many people buy it. |
| despite | ...ga qaramay | Despite the cost, the project was successful. |
| however | biroq, ammo | The idea is good. However, it is hard to apply. |
| whereas | holbuki, ...esa | Young people use phones, whereas older people prefer TV. |
| due to | ...tufayli | The delay was due to technical problems. |
| nevertheless | shunga qaramay | It was risky. Nevertheless, they decided to try. |
| on the other hand | boshqa tomondan | Cities offer jobs. On the other hand, they are polluted. |
| drawback | kamchilik | Despite its benefits, online learning has some drawbacks. |
| advantage | afzallik | Although it has advantages, remote work can be lonely. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Qiyinchilikka qaramay qilgan ikki ishingiz haqida yozing (although + gap; despite + ot/-ing).
Namuna: Although I was very tired, I finished my homework. Despite the cold weather, I went jogging this morning.
Gapiring: Ikki oila a'zoingizni solishtiring (whereas / while).
Namuna: My father loves watching football, whereas my mother prefers reading. I'm an early bird, while my brother sleeps until noon.
Yozing: Shahringizda yashashning bitta afzalligi va bitta kamchiligi haqida yozing (However, ... / On the other hand, ...).
Namuna: Living in Tashkent is convenient because of the good metro system. However, rent is very expensive. On the other hand, there are many job opportunities.
Gapiring: IELTS savoli: 'Onlayn ta'lim sinfdagi ta'limdan yaxshiroqmi?' Fikringizni bildiring — kamida 3 xil bog'lovchi ishlating (although, despite, however, because of).
Namuna: Although online learning is flexible, I prefer classes. Because of the face-to-face contact, students stay motivated. However, online courses are cheaper. Despite this, I think classrooms are more effective.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz IELTS uslubidagi mavzular (shahar va qishloq, onlayn ta'lim) bo'yicha fikringizni so'raydi — although, despite, however, whereas, because of bilan bog'lab gapiring.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.