Grammatika · B2
Reported Speech: Statements
He said that he was tired — birovning gapini o'zgartirib yetkazish, say va tell.
Qoida: Reported Speech
O'zbek tilida birovning gapini yetkazganda ko'pincha zamonni o'zgartirmaymiz: 'U charchaganini aytdi' yoki 'U: «Charchadim», dedi'. Ingliz tilida esa o'zlashtirma gapda (reported speech) o'tgan zamondagi 'said' dan keyin fe'l odatda bir qadam orqaga suriladi (backshift): 'I am tired' → He said (that) he was tired. Olmoshlar, vaqt va joy so'zlari ham o'zgaradi.
| To'g'ri gap (direct) | O'zlashtirma (reported) |
|---|---|
| Present Simple: 'I work here.' | Past Simple: he said he worked there |
| Present Continuous: 'I am working.' | Past Continuous: he said he was working |
| Present Perfect / Past Simple: 'I have finished / I finished.' | Past Perfect: he said he had finished |
| will / can / may | would / could / might |
| today, tomorrow, yesterday | that day, the next day, the day before |
| here, this, now, ago | there, that, then, before |
say (that) + gap: She said (that) she was busy. · tell + KIMGA + (that) + gap: She told me (that) she was busy. · 'say me' emas, 'tell' kimgaligisiz emas.
Agar gap hali ham to'g'ri bo'lsa (umumiy haqiqat yoki hozir ham amalda), backshift majburiy emas: He said the Earth goes round the Sun. 'says' (hozirgi zamon) bilan esa zamon o'zgarmaydi: She says she is tired.
Maslahat: Rasmiy yozuvda 'said' o'rniga aniqroq fe'llar ishlating: explained, claimed, admitted, mentioned, announced — barchasi 'that' bilan keladi.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- 'I'm hungry,' said Ali. → Ali said that he was hungry.Ali och ekanini aytdi.
- 'We will call you tomorrow.' → They told me they would call me the next day.Ular ertasi kuni qo'ng'iroq qilishlarini aytishdi.
- 'I have lost my phone.' → She said she had lost her phone.U telefonini yo'qotganini aytdi.
- 'I can't swim.' → He told us he couldn't swim.U bizga suza olmasligini aytdi.
- 'I saw him yesterday.' → She said she had seen him the day before.U kechasi (bir kun oldin) uni ko'rganini aytdi.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
He said me that he was busy.He told me that he was busy.
Kimgaligi aytilsa 'tell somebody'. 'say' dan keyin to'g'ridan-to'g'ri odam kelmaydi (say to me — mumkin, lekin kam).
She told that she was tired.She said that she was tired.
'tell' dan keyin albatta kimga (me, him, us) keladi.
He said that he is working tomorrow.He said that he was working the next day.
'said' dan keyin zamon va vaqt so'zlari orqaga suriladi.
She said that I will help you.She said that she would help me.
Olmoshlarni gapiruvchi nuqtai nazaridan o'zgartiring: I → she, you → me; will → would.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: IBRAT FARZANDLARI; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Reported speech (He said that...) | 124-dars | Ingliz tilini 0 dan o'rganishMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| mention | eslatib o'tmoq | He mentioned that he had been ill. |
| explain | tushuntirmoq | She explained that the shop was closed. |
| admit | tan olmoq | He admitted that he had made a mistake. |
| claim | da'vo qilmoq | They claimed that the product was safe. |
| announce | e'lon qilmoq | The pilot announced that we would land soon. |
| complain | shikoyat qilmoq | She complained that the room was too cold. |
| promise | va'da bermoq | He promised that he would come back. |
| rumour | mish-mish | My friend told me a rumour that the boss was leaving. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Bugun kimdir sizga aytgan ikki gapni o'zlashtirma gap bilan yozing (He said that... / She told me that...).
Namuna: My mother told me that dinner was ready. My colleague said that he would be late.
Gapiring: Do'stingiz yaqinda sizga aytgan yangilikni yetkazing — zamonni orqaga suring (is → was, will → would).
Namuna: My friend Dilshod told me that he was getting married. He said the wedding would be in June.
Yozing: O'qituvchingiz yoki rahbaringiz yaqinda aytgan uchta gapni yozing (said/told + backshift).
Namuna: My teacher said that the exam would be difficult. She told us that we had made good progress. She said she was proud of us.
Gapiring: Yaqinda ko'rgan yangilik yoki intervyuda kim nima deganini aytib bering (claimed, explained, announced + that).
Namuna: The mayor announced that a new metro line would open next year. He explained that it had cost a lot. He claimed it would reduce traffic.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz sizga kimdirning gaplarini aytadi, siz esa ularni 'He said that... / She told me that...' bilan yetkazasiz.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.