Grammatika · C1
Hedging and cautious language
Aftidan, ehtimol, odatda — IELTS Writing Task 2 da ehtiyotkor fikr bildirish.
Qoida: Hedging: ehtiyotkor til
Hedging — fikrni 100% qat'iy emas, ehtiyotkorlik bilan aytish. Akademik yozuvda (IELTS Task 2) 'All young people are lazy' kabi mutlaq da'volar zaif hisoblanadi, chunki ularni isbotlash qiyin. O'zbekchada 'aftidan', 'ehtimol', 'odatda', 'ko'pchilik' deganimiz kabi, inglizchada modal fe'llar, ravishlar va maxsus iboralar ishlatiladi.
Modal: may / might / could + V1 · Fe'l: tend to, appear to, seem to + V1 · Ibora: It appears/seems that..., It could be argued that... · Ravish: arguably, possibly, likely, generally · Miqdor: many, some, most (all emas)
| Qat'iy (xavfli) | Ehtiyotkor (hedged) | Vosita |
|---|---|---|
| Social media causes depression. | Social media may contribute to depression. | modal + yumshoq fe'l |
| Young people don't read. | Young people tend to read less. | tend to |
| This is the best solution. | This is arguably the best solution. | arguably |
| Everyone agrees that... | It is widely believed that... | shaxssiz ibora |
| Prices will rise. | Prices are likely to rise. | be likely to |
Maslahat: IELTS Task 2 da o'z pozitsiyangizni aniq bildiring ('I strongly believe...'), lekin dalillar va umumlashmalarni hedging bilan yumshating. Bu 'Lexical Resource' va 'Coherence' baholarini oshiradi.
Misollar tarjimasi bilan
- It appears that online learning suits some students better.Aftidan, onlayn ta'lim ba'zi talabalarga ko'proq mos keladi.
- People who exercise regularly tend to live longer.Muntazam sport bilan shug'ullanadiganlar odatda uzoqroq yashaydi.
- This policy could arguably reduce traffic in city centres.Bu siyosat, ehtimol, shahar markazlaridagi tirbandlikni kamaytirishi mumkin.
- Many experts suggest that the problem is more complex.Ko'plab mutaxassislar muammo murakkabroq ekanini taxmin qiladi.
- Unemployment is likely to remain high in the short term.Qisqa muddatda ishsizlik yuqori bo'lib qolishi ehtimoli bor.
O'zbeklar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
All children are addicted to phones.Many children appear to be addicted to their phones.
'All' kabi mutlaq so'zlar akademik yozuvda zaif — 'many', 'most' va 'appear to' ishlating.
People tend to living in cities.People tend to live in cities.
'Tend to / seem to / appear to' dan keyin fe'lning oddiy shakli (V1).
It is maybe true that technology isolates people.It may be true that technology isolates people.
'Maybe' — og'zaki ravish; yozuvda modal 'may' yoki 'perhaps' ishlating.
It might possibly perhaps be that...It might be that...
Haddan oshirmang: bir gapda bitta hedging yetarli, aks holda fikringiz yo'qolib ketadi.
Video dars
Mavzuni video orqali ham ko'ring. Video muallifi: English Pro Tips - IELTS Preparation; tugmani bossangiz, video shu yerda ochiladi.
Videoni ko'rish: Hedging in IELTS Writing and SpeakingMavzuga oid so'zlar
| So'z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| arguably | ta'kidlash mumkinki | Education is arguably the key to development. |
| tend to | odatda ...moq, moyil bo'lmoq | Older people tend to prefer cash. |
| likely | ehtimoli bor | Housing prices are likely to rise. |
| suggest | ko'rsatmoq, taxmin qilmoq | Research suggests that sleep improves memory. |
| to some extent | ma'lum darajada | To some extent, technology has made us lazier. |
| contribute to | hissa qo'shmoq, sabab bo'lmoq | Stress may contribute to heart disease. |
| generally | umuman olganda | Generally, people in cities earn more. |
| evidence | dalil | There is some evidence that the policy works. |
| claim | da'vo | This claim appears to be exaggerated. |
O'zingiz gapirib ko'ring
Ilovada bu vazifalarni ovoz chiqarib yoki yozib bajarasiz, javobingizni AI tekshiradi. Hozir namunaga qarab o'zingiz urinib ko'ring.
Yozing: Bu qat'iy gaplarni yumshating: 'Video games make children violent.' va 'Everyone wants to live in a big city.'
Namuna: Some violent video games may make certain children more aggressive. Many people, especially the young, tend to prefer living in big cities.
Gapiring: Shahringizdagi yoshlar haqida umumiy fikr bildiring: 'tend to', 'seem to' bilan 2 gap ayting.
Namuna: Young people in Tashkent tend to spend their evenings in cafes. They seem to be more interested in IT careers than their parents were.
Yozing: IELTS Task 2: 'Working from home increases productivity.' Rozimisiz? 3 gapda, may/might va 'it could be argued that' bilan yozing.
Namuna: It could be argued that working from home increases productivity, as employees save time on commuting. However, some workers may find it harder to concentrate at home. Overall, the effect appears to depend on the type of job.
Gapiring: IELTS Speaking Part 3: 'Will people read fewer books in the future?' — likely, arguably, to some extent bilan 4 gapda javob bering.
Namuna: To some extent, I think they will. People are likely to read more on screens than on paper. However, this is arguably still reading, just in a different form. So the number of printed books may fall, but reading itself probably won't disappear.
Ustoz bilan: Ustoz IELTS Task 2 mavzularida bahs yuritadi — fikringizni 'tend to', 'it appears that', 'may', 'arguably' bilan ehtiyotkor bildirishga o'rgatadi.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.