IELTS Reading: Matching headings — sarlavha tanlash
Sizga rim raqamlari bilan belgilangan sarlavhalar ro'yxati beriladi va har bir paragrafga eng mos sarlavhani tanlaysiz. Sarlavhalar soni paragraflardan ko'p bo'ladi, ya'ni ba'zilari ortiqcha. Bu tur paragrafning asosiy g'oyasini bitta detaldan ajrata olishingizni tekshiradi.
Qadam-baqadam strategiya
- Avval sarlavhalarni o'qing va har biridagi asosiy tushunchani belgilang (masalan, 'why', 'drawbacks', 'obstacles').
- Har bir paragrafni o'qing, ayniqsa birinchi va oxirgi gaplariga e'tibor bering, so'ng o'zingizga paragraf nima haqida ekanini bitta qisqa gap bilan ayting.
- 'However', 'yet', 'but' kabi bog'lovchilardan keyin paragrafning yo'nalishi o'zgarishi mumkin — asosiy fikr ko'pincha shu yerda.
- O'z qisqa xulosangizni sarlavhalar bilan solishtiring va butun paragrafni qamrab oladigan sarlavhani tanlang.
- Ishonchingiz komil bo'lgan paragraflardan boshlang, qiyinlarini oxiriga qoldiring — ortiqcha variantlar kamayib boradi.
Tuzoqlar va keng tarqalgan xatolar
- Paragrafdagi bitta detalga mos keladigan sarlavhani tanlash: sarlavha butun paragrafni ifodalashi kerak.
- Paragrafdagi so'z sarlavhada ham borligi uchun uni tanlash: aynan bir xil so'zlar ko'pincha chalg'ituvchi variantda bo'ladi.
- Faqat birinchi gapni o'qib xulosa qilish: ba'zi paragraflarda asosiy g'oya o'rtada 'however' dan keyin keladi.
O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilar ko'p qiladigan xatolar
Reading bo'limida o'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilarda ko'p uchraydigan holatlar:
- Har bir so'zni o'zbek tiliga tarjima qilib o'qish — vaqt yetmay qoladi. Avval umumiy ma'noni, keyin kerakli joyni o'qing.
- FALSE va NOT GIVEN ni chalkashtirish: matnda zid gap bo'lsa — FALSE, umuman ma'lumot bo'lmasa — NOT GIVEN.
- O'z bilimiga tayanish: mavzu tanish bo'lsa ham, javob faqat matnda yozilgan narsaga asoslanadi.
- Parafrazani tanimaslik: savoldagi so'z matnda aynan takrorlanmaydi, uning sinonimi beriladi.
IELTS mock imtihonini ilovada topshiring
TilUstoz ilovasida to'liq IELTS mock testlari, Writing va Speaking javoblaringizni mezonlar bo'yicha baholash hamda sun'iy intellekt Ustoz bilan Speaking mashqlari bor.
Ro'yxatdan o'tib, mock topshirish Darajangizni bepul aniqlang
Mashq: o'zingizni tekshiring
A The first sleeping cars appeared on railways in the nineteenth century, and for many decades an overnight train was the normal way to cross a large country or travel between capitals. From the 1990s onwards, however, these services began to disappear. Low-cost airlines could carry passengers between the same cities in an hour or two, often for less than the price of a sleeper berth, and one route after another was closed as passenger numbers fell.
B In recent years the trend has started to reverse. A growing number of travellers now consider the environmental cost of their journeys, and a seat on an electric train produces only a small fraction of the emissions of the same trip by air. Several operators have reopened routes that had been abandoned for over a decade, and bookings on some lines have been strong enough to justify extra carriages.
C Running a night train profitably, however, remains a challenge. A sleeping carriage holds far fewer passengers than an ordinary one, because each traveller needs space to lie down. The carriage also usually makes only one journey every twenty-four hours, whereas a daytime train can make several. As a result, tickets are often more expensive than many travellers expect, and some operators survive only with public money.
D For passengers, the attraction is partly practical. A traveller who boards in the evening and arrives in a city centre the next morning saves the cost of a hotel and loses no working day. Yet the experience does not suit everyone. Surveys of passengers regularly mention small cabins, noisy stations during the night and the difficulty of sleeping on a moving train.
E Manufacturers are now testing new carriages with individual sleeping pods, which aim to offer privacy at a lower price than a full cabin. But technology alone will not solve every problem. Trains crossing borders must deal with different signalling systems, safety rules and track charges in each country, and these differences add both cost and delay.
The text has five paragraphs, A–E. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i–viii. There are more headings than paragraphs.
Bu yerda 4 ta savol berilgan; to'liq mashq (5 ta savol) ilovadagi «Tayyorlanish» bo'limida.
Mashq qiling
4 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.