Taxmin va gipoteza: inglizcha iboralar (B2)
Vaziyat: Do'stingiz bilan "agar shunday bo'lganida" mavzusida gaplashyapsiz. Bu sahifada shu vaziyat uchun 5 ta inglizcha ibora — o'zbekcha tarjimasi, izohi va misoli bilan, namuna dialog va qisqa mashq.
5 ta asosiy ibora
If I had studied harder, I would have got into university.
Qattiqroq o'qiganimda, universitetga kirgan bo'lardim.
If + had + V3, would have + V3 — o'tmishdagi amalga oshmagan shart (Third Conditional). get into university — universitetga kirmoq. if qismida would yo'q: "If I would have studied" — xato.
If I won the lottery, I'd travel the world.
Lotereya yutsam, dunyoni kezib chiqardim.
If + Past Simple, would + fe'l — hozir yoki kelajak haqida xayol (Second Conditional). travel the world — dunyoni kezmoq. win the lottery — the bilan.
I wish I had more free time.
Qani endi bo'sh vaqtim ko'proq bo'lsa.
wish + Past Simple — hozirgi holatdan afsus: I wish I had (hozir yo'q). "I wish I have" va "I wish I would have" — xato. free time sanalmaydi: more free time.
It must have been difficult for you.
Siz uchun qiyin bo'lgan bo'lsa kerak.
must have + V3 — o'tmish haqida kuchli taxmin: ...gan bo'lsa kerak. V3 shart: must have been, must have gone ("must have went" — xato). Hamdardlikda juda tabiiy.
Things might have turned out differently.
Hammasi boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin edi.
might have + V3 — o'tmishda ...ishi mumkin edi (lekin bo'lmadi yoki bilmaymiz). turn out — bo'lib chiqmoq, yakunlanmoq. differently — boshqacha.
Namuna dialog
Bu namuna: darsdagi 5 ibora suhbatda ketma-ket qanday ishlatilishini ko'rsatadi. Suhbatdosh — a friend who likes 'what if' questions. Ustoz bilan haqiqiy suhbatda savol va javoblar boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin.
- Siz: If I had studied harder, I would have got into university. — Qattiqroq o'qiganimda, universitetga kirgan bo'lardim.
- Suhbatdosh: I see. — Tushunarli.
- Siz: If I won the lottery, I'd travel the world. — Lotereya yutsam, dunyoni kezib chiqardim.
- Suhbatdosh: Right. — Shunday.
- Siz: I wish I had more free time. — Qani endi bo'sh vaqtim ko'proq bo'lsa.
- Suhbatdosh: Okay. — Xo'p.
- Siz: It must have been difficult for you. — Siz uchun qiyin bo'lgan bo'lsa kerak.
- Suhbatdosh: Mm-hm. — Ha-ha.
- Siz: Things might have turned out differently. — Hammasi boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin edi.
Grammatika: If I had studied ..., I would have ...
O'tmishni xayolan o'zgartirish — Third Conditional: If + had + V3, would have + V3. If I had studied harder, I would have got into university (o'qimadim, kirmadim). Qisqasi: If I'd studied, I'd have got in. Eng ko'p xato — if qismida would: "If I would have known". To'g'risi: If I had known. Natija hozirga ta'sir qilsa (mixed): If I'd studied medicine, I'd be a doctor now.
- If I'd known about the party, I would have come. — Ziyofat haqida bilganimda, kelgan bo'lardim.
- If we hadn't missed the bus, we wouldn't have been late. — Avtobusdan qolmaganimizda, kechikmagan bo'lardik.
- If I'd studied medicine, I'd be a doctor now. — Tibbiyotda o'qiganimda, hozir shifokor bo'lardim.
Mashq qiling
5 ta savol. Javobni tanlang yoki yozing va «Tekshirish»ni bosing.